Internet-based religious learning has presented a new face to the diversity of Muslim youth. This article aims to analyse and evaluate Muslim youth's understanding, attitudes, and religious practices and demonstrate the impact of internet-based Islamic learning. As many as 23 Muslim youths in Jepara, Central Java, aged 17-20 years, became the informants of this study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. Further research data were analysed descriptively and interpretatively. This study found that most Muslim youths who studied Islam online experienced confusion and emptiness in religion caused by an incomplete learning process. Most Muslim youths do not have solid theological views, pseudo-worship practices and weak religious ideologies. This study suggests that teenagers acquire essential Islamic knowledge from credible sources such as kyai with clear scientific credentials. This foundation enables them to discern reliable Islamic content in cyberspace, safeguarding against distortions in their understanding of Islam and spirituality. CONTRIBUTION: This research provides a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of the impact of internet-based learning on the diverse experiences of Muslim youth. Although the internet has the potential to be an invaluable source of knowledge, the challenges of integrating information with traditional understanding require serious attention

Abstract The effect of sound vibration (SV) towards plants has been studied for more than 30 years. Many results have confirmed that SV influenced various parts of plants, e.g. the stomata. However, the scientific community is still in doubt of these results. Hence, it is now a matter of giving further proofs and/or insights using new methods. This study aimed to determine the stomata pore movement influenced by SV with new observation and analysis technique based on the edge detection method. We directly observed the abaxial stomata of Rhoeo discolor plant exposed by single SV frequencies from 0 to 7000 Hz with an interval of 1000 Hz. The main device used in the observation was a microscope. The observation was conducted before, during, and after the SV exposure. The measurement of the stomata pore area utilized an image capture, which was then analyzed with edge detection technique. These edges were used as an indicator in the calculation of the stomata pore area in the pixel unit. The result showed that SV with frequency of 6000 Hz produced the largest stomata pore area, whereas the frequencies of 2000 Hz and 3000 Hz gave smaller stomata pore areas. Therefore, based on the edge detection analysis a single frequency of SV influenced the stomata pore area.

Abstract Kacang goats are small ruminants produced by low-income households in smallholder and farm to reduce poverty and prevent undernutrition. Studies to find a cryopreservation protocol for Kacang goat semen are expected to multiplication of genetically superior animals selected by the paternal lineage. This study evaluated the effect of thawing temperature and supplementation of the green tea extract nanoparticle in skim milk-egg yolk (SM-EY) extender on post-thaw sperm quality of Kacang goat semen. Six ejaculates of Kacang goat were diluted in SM-EY supplemented or not (control group) with 0.001 mg/mL NPs GTE. The diluted semen was packaged with 0.25 mL straws (insemination dose: 60x106 sptz/mL) and cryopreserved. Then, six samples of the control group and NPs GTE groups were thawed at 37°C or 39°C sterile water for 30 s and submitted to sperm quality evaluations. The sperm viability, motility, and intact of the plasma membrane (IPM) were higher (p<0.05) in NPs GTE group than control group. In contrast, the NPs GTE group presented lower (p<0.05) malondialdehyde levels and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) compared with the control group. The catalase levels were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the control and NPs GTE groups. Thawing at 39°C resulted in higher (p<0.05) sperm viability, motility, and IPM than thawing at 37°C. However, thawing at 39°C group presented lower (p<0.05) malondialdehyde levels compared with thawing at 37°C. SDF and catalase levels were similar (p>0.05) between thawing at 37°C and thawing at 37°C. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.001 mg/mL of NPs GTE in SM-EY extender and thawing temperature of 39°C resulted in a better quality of frozen-thawed Kacang goat semen.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as intervenções dos professores na solução de problemas dos alunos. Os sujeitos eram três alunos da classe alta, de uma escola primária na Indonésia, que utilizavam o sistema 2 para resolver problemas. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram obtidos a partir das respostas escritas dos alunos, além das videogravações das intervenções dos professores. Os resultados mostraram que os sujeitos precisaram de intervenções do professor para induzir sua consciência quanto à assimilação do sistema 2. Cada sujeito precisou de uma intervenção, nos diferentes estágios. O sujeito 1 exigiu intervenção no estágio 3; o sujeito 2 exigiu intervenção no estágio 2; o sujeito 3 exigiu apenas no estágio 1. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa, definiu-se que o momento ativo do sistema 2, nos três sujeitos, foi o mesmo, isso é, depois que tomaram conhecimento do problema principal. O cerne do problema foi apurado após surgir um sentimento duvidoso sobre a veracidade dos resultados. Esse sentimento surgiu porque o professor interveio na forma de perguntas, conduzidas dialogicamente.

Abstract This study aimed to describe teacher interventions in students’ problem-solving. The subjects were three upper-class students at an elementary school in Indonesia who used system 2 when solving problems. This study used a qualitative case study approach. Data were obtained from students’ written answers and audio-visual recordings of teacher interventions to students. The results showed that the subjects needed teacher interventions to induce their awareness when involving system 2. Each subject needed intervention different stages. Subject 1 required intervention stage 3, subject 2 required intervention stage 2, and subject 3 only required intervention at stage 1. From the research results, it was known that the active moment of system 2 in all three subjects was the same, that is after the core problem was known. The core of the problem was ascertained after a doubtful feeling arose on the truth of the resulting answers. This feeling arose because the teacher intervened in the form of questions conducted dialogically.

Resumo Enquanto o Estado desempenha um papel importante na transformação ativa das comunidades em condições consideradas “desenvolvidas”, em nível micro algumas características tradicionais persistem. Esta breve observação etnográfica levada a cabo entre os Dawan na aldeia de Oinlasi, no sul de Amanatun, em Sonda Oriental, revelou que o ume kbubu, um estilo de casa tradicional timorense, sofreu algumas mudanças como consequência da introdução do programa de “habitação saudável” do Ministério da Saúde, há cerca de cinquenta anos. Verificou-se que esse programa, com outros programas de desenvolvimento, mudou a vida tradicional das comunidades na aldeia. No entanto, os pesquisadores também testemunharam que as comunidades estavam respondendo a essas mudanças de várias maneiras. As casas tradicionais eram, em alguns casos, construídas com materiais modernos, equipadas com eletricidade e usadas apenas como cozinha, enquanto a família vivia em casas modernas e saudáveis nas proximidades. Conclui-se que, embora a ideia de casas saudáveis seja aceita pela comunidade, suas moradias tradicionais persistem.

Abstract While the State plays an important role in actively transforming communities into conditions considered as ‘developed’, at the micro level there are some traditional features which persist. This short ethnographic observation carried out among the Dawan in the village of Oinlasi, South Amanatun, East Nusa Tenggara, revealed that the ume kbubu, a Timorese traditional house style, has experienced some changes as a consequence of the introduction of the Ministry of Health’s ‘healthful housing’ program around fifty years ago. It was found that this program, along with other development programs, has changed the traditional life of the communities in the village. However, the researchers also witnessed that the communities were responding to these changes in various ways. The traditional houses were, in some cases, built with modern materials, equipped with electricity, and used only as a kitchen, while the family lived in modern healthful housing nearby. It is concluded that, although the idea of healthful houses is accepted by the community, their traditional house persists.

Resumo Enquanto o Estado desempenha um papel importante na transformação ativa das comunidades em condições consideradas “desenvolvidas”, em nível micro algumas características tradicionais persistem. Esta breve observação etnográfica levada a cabo entre os Dawan na aldeia de Oinlasi, no sul de Amanatun, em Sonda Oriental, revelou que o ume kbubu, um estilo de casa tradicional timorense, sofreu algumas mudanças como consequência da introdução do programa de “habitação saudável” do Ministério da Saúde, há cerca de cinquenta anos. Verificou-se que esse programa, com outros programas de desenvolvimento, mudou a vida tradicional das comunidades na aldeia. No entanto, os pesquisadores também testemunharam que as comunidades estavam respondendo a essas mudanças de várias maneiras. As casas tradicionais eram, em alguns casos, construídas com materiais modernos, equipadas com eletricidade e usadas apenas como cozinha, enquanto a família vivia em casas modernas e saudáveis nas proximidades. Conclui-se que, embora a ideia de casas saudáveis seja aceita pela comunidade, suas moradias tradicionais persistem.

Abstract While the State plays an important role in actively transforming communities into conditions considered as ‘developed’, at the micro level there are some traditional features which persist. This short ethnographic observation carried out among the Dawan in the village of Oinlasi, South Amanatun, East Nusa Tenggara, revealed that the ume kbubu, a Timorese traditional house style, has experienced some changes as a consequence of the introduction of the Ministry of Health’s ‘healthful housing’ program around fifty years ago. It was found that this program, along with other development programs, has changed the traditional life of the communities in the village. However, the researchers also witnessed that the communities were responding to these changes in various ways. The traditional houses were, in some cases, built with modern materials, equipped with electricity, and used only as a kitchen, while the family lived in modern healthful housing nearby. It is concluded that, although the idea of healthful houses is accepted by the community, their traditional house persists.

OBJECTIVES: To document and characterize freezing temperatures in the Indonesian vaccine cold chain and to evaluate the feasibility of changes designed to reduce the occurrence of freezing. METHODS: Data loggers were used to measure temperatures of shipments of hepatitis B vaccine from manufacturer to point of use. Baseline conditions and three intervention phases were monitored. During each of the intervention phases, vaccines were removed progressively from the standard 2-8 °C cold chain. FINDINGS: Freezing temperatures were recorded in 75% of baseline shipments. The highest rates of freezing occurred during transport from province to district, storage in district-level ice-lined refrigerators, and storage in refrigerators in health centres. Interventions reduced freezing, without excessive heat exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Inadvertent freezing of freeze-sensitive vaccines is widespread in Indonesia. Simple strategies exist to reduce freezing - for example, selective transport and storage of vaccines at ambient temperatures. The use of vaccine vial monitors reduces the risk associated with heat-damaged vaccines in these scenarios. Policy changes that allow limited storage of freeze-sensitive vaccines at temperatures >2-8 °C would enable flexible vaccine distribution strategies that could reduce vaccine freezing, reduce costs, and increase capacity.

OBJETIVO: Documentar y caracterizar las temperaturas de congelación en la cadena de frío de las vacunas en Indonesia y evaluar la viabilidad de los cambios planeados para reducir el riesgo de congelación. MÉTODOS: Se usaron dispositivos de registro de datos para medir la temperatura de las remesas de vacuna anti-hepatitis B entre el fabricante y el punto de uso. Se vigilaron las condiciones durante una fase de referencia y en tres fases de intervención. Durante cada una de las fases de intervención se retiraron vacunas progresivamente de la cadena de frío estándar a 2-8 °C. RESULTADOS: Se registraron temperaturas de congelación en un 75% de las remesas de referencia. Las tasas más altas de congelación se dieron durante el transporte de la provincia a los distritos, durante el almacenamiento en frigoríficos de hielo en los distritos, y durante el almacenamiento en los frigoríficos de los centros de salud. Las intervenciones redujeron los casos de congelación, sin que ello entrañase la exposición a un calor excesivo. CONCLUSIÓN: La congelación accidental de vacunas sensibles a las bajas temperaturas es un fenómeno generalizado en Indonesia. Existen estrategias sencillas para reducir la congelación, como por ejemplo el transporte y almacenamiento selectivo de vacunas a temperatura ambiente. El uso de sensores de control permite reducir el riesgo asociado a las vacunas dañadas por el calor en esas circunstancias. Todo cambio normativo que haga posible un almacenamiento limitado de las vacunas sensibles a congelación a temperaturas > 2-8°C permitiría adoptar estrategias flexibles de distribución de vacunas que podrían reducir los casos de congelación, abaratar los costos y aumentar la capacidad.

OBJECTIF: Documenter et caractériser les températures de congélation dans la chaîne du froid indonésienne utilisée pour les vaccins et évaluer la faisabilité de modifications destinées à réduire la fréquence de la congélation. MÉTHODES: Des enregistreurs séquentiels de données ont été utilisés pour mesurer la température du vaccin anti-hépatite B entre le départ de chez le fabricant et le point d'utilisation. Les conditions initiales et les conditions au cours des trois phases de l'intervention ont été mesurées. A chacune des phases de l'intervention, les vaccins ont été progressivement retirés de la chaîne du froid dont la température normale est de 2-8°C. RÉSULTATS: La température de congélation a été notée pour 75 % des envois dans les conditions initiales. La fréquence de la congélation était maximale au cours du transport de la province vers le district et de la conservation dans les réfrigérateurs givrés du district et dans ceux des centres de santé. Les interventions ont diminué la congélation sans exposition thermique excessive des vaccins. CONCLUSION: La congélation involontaire des vaccins sensibles est fréquente en Indonésie. Il existe des stratégies simples pour la diminuer - par exemple transporter et conserver sélectivement ces vaccins à température ambiante. Dans de tels scénarios, l'utilisation des pastilles de contrôle des vaccins diminue le risque de dégradation thermique. Une modification des politiques permettant une conservation limitée des vaccins sensibles à des températures >2-8°C déboucherait sur des stratégies de distribution des vaccins plus souples et susceptibles de réduire la congélation des vaccins et les coûts et d'augmenter la capacité.